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Новости за 30.07.2019

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Risk work or resilience work? A qualitative study with community health workers negotiating the tensions between biomedical and community-based forms of health promotion in the United Kingdom

Plos.org 
En

by Nicola K. Gale, Manbinder S. Sidhu

Emplaced health promotion interventions, delivered by community health workers are increasingly being used internationally. However, the application of epidemiological risk knowledge to individuals within such communities is not straightforward and creates tensions for community health workers who are part of the communities that they are serving. Situated qualitative interview data were co-produced with community health workers employed in a superdiverse... Читать дальше...

Second-line HIV treatment failure in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Plos.org 
En

by Dumessa Edessa, Mekonnen Sisay, Fekede Asefa

Background

Increased second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure rate narrows future options for HIV/AIDS treatment. It has critical implications in resource-limited settings; including sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where the burden of HIV-infection is immense. Hence, pooled estimate for second-line HIV treatment failure is relevant to suggest valid recommendations that optimize ART outcomes in SSA.

Methods

We retrieved literature systematically from PUBMED/MEDLINE... Читать дальше...

Low income countries have the highest percentages of open access publication: A systematic computational analysis of the biomedical literature

Plos.org 
En

by Jonathan Iyandemye, Marshall P. Thomas

Open access publication rates have been steadily increasing over time. In spite of this growth, academics in low income settings struggle to gain access to the full canon of research literature. While the vast majority of open access repositories and funding organizations with open access policies are based in high income countries, the geographic patterns of open access publication itself are not well characterized. In this study, we developed a... Читать дальше...

Sexual behaviors and associated factors among youths in Nekemte town, East Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Plos.org 
En

by Zelalem Desalegn Waktole

Background

Recent trends in sexual behavior, demonstrated in most countries, continue to indicate that more people are adopting safer sexual behaviors. However, there are signs of an increase in risky sexual behaviors in several countries. This study aimed to assess sexual behaviors and associated factors among youths in Nekemte town, East Wollega, Ethiopia in 2017.

Methods

A community-based cross sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Читать дальше...

Observer perceptions of the justifiability of the actions of nations in conflict: The relative importance of conveying national vulnerability versus strength

Plos.org 
En

by Kimberly Matheson, Nyla Branscombe, Yechiel Klar, Hymie Anisman

Because the underdog in a conflict typically gains the support of observers, nations will often adopt a narrative that persuades both their domestic following and international allies that they are the true victim in the conflict. Three survey studies were conducted to assess the perceptions of citizens of a third-party observer nation (Canada) in relation to two nations in conflict that differ in their historical persecution... Читать дальше...

Internalin AB-expressing recombinant Lactobacillus casei protects Caco-2 cells from Listeria monocytogenes-induced damages under simulated intestinal conditions

Plos.org 
En

by Moloko G. Mathipa, Arun K. Bhunia, Mapitsi S. Thantsha

Background

Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular foodborne pathogen that employs a number of strategies to survive challenging gastrointestinal conditions. It proliferates in the gut and subsequently causes listeriosis in high-risk individuals. Therefore, inhibition of its adherence to the intestinal receptors is crucial in controlling its infection. In this study, the effect of our previously developed recombinant Lactobacillus casei strain expressing invasion protein... Читать дальше...

Новости России

Severe cases of seasonal influenza in Russia in 2017-2018

Plos.org 
En

by Natalia P. Kolosova, Tatyana N. Ilyicheva, Alexey V. Danilenko, Julia A. Bulanovich, Svetlana V. Svyatchenko, Alexander G. Durymanov, Natalia I. Goncharova, Andrei S. Gudymo, Alexander N. Shvalov, Ivan M. Susloparov, Vasiliy Y. Marchenko, Tatyana V. Tregubchak, Elena V. Gavrilova, Rinat A. Maksyutov, Alexander B. Ryzhikov

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The value of bioethical research: A qualitative literature analysis of researchers’ statements

Plos.org 
En

by Marcel Mertz, Tobias Fischer, Sabine Salloch

Introduction

Value and waste in preclinical and clinical research projects are intensively debated in biomedicine at present. Such different aspects as the need for setting objectives and priorities, improving study design, quality of reporting, and problematic incentives of the academic reward system are addressed. While this debate is also fueled by ethical considerations and thus informed by bioethical research, up to now, the field of bioethics lacks a similar extensive debate. Читать дальше...


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