Recreating ARPA, the most successful research agency in history
IN OCTOBER 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first space satellite—a development that astonished the American establishment. “Soon they will be dropping bombs on us from space like kids dropping rocks onto cars from freeway overpasses,” fretted Lyndon Johnson, then Democratic Senate leader. Determined never to be surprised again, President Eisenhower established the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). He gave it a $500m budget (£3.4bn today) in its first year, but no office, no laboratories and no permanent staff. Читать дальше...