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Новости за 12.01.2022

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The making of a (dog) movie star: The effect of the portrayal of dogs in movies on breed registrations in the United States

Plos.org 
En

by Sarah Weir, Sharon E. Kessler

The media is a powerful force that can affect the welfare of the domiciled dog population. Dogs have long been in human stories and their depictions can create demand for the breeds shown. While previous research has found that this effect can last for up to ten years after the release of a movie, how this phenomenon occurs is unknown. This paper examines if how a dog is portrayed in a movie is associated with a subsequent change in American Kennel Club breed registrations for that breed. Читать дальше...

Adolescent fertility and its determinants in Kenya: Evidence from Kenya demographic and health survey 2014

Plos.org 
En

by Naomi Monari, James Orwa, Alfred Agwanda

Background

Adolescent fertility in Kenya is vital in the development and execution of reproductive health policies and programs. One of the specific objectives of the Kenyan Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health (ASRH) policy developed in 2015 is to decrease early and unintended pregnancies in an attempt to reduce adolescent fertility. We aimed to establish determinants of adolescent fertility in Kenya.

Methods

The Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) 2014 data set was utilized.

SARS-CoV-2 induces a durable and antigen specific humoral immunity after asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 infection

Plos.org 
En

by Sebastian Havervall, August Jernbom Falk, Jonas Klingström, Henry Ng, Nina Greilert-Norin, Lena Gabrielsson, Ann-Christin Salomonsson, Eva Isaksson, Ann-Sofie Rudberg, Cecilia Hellström, Eni Andersson, Jennie Olofsson, Lovisa Skoglund, Jamil Yousef, Elisa Pin, Wanda Christ, Mikaela Olausson, My Hedhammar, Hanna Tegel, Sara Mangsbo, Mia Phillipson, Anna Månberg, Sophia Hober, Peter Nilsson, Charlotte Thålin

Читать дальше...



Simple epidemic models with segmentation can be better than complex ones

Plos.org 
En

by Geon Lee, Se-eun Yoon, Kijung Shin

Given a sequence of epidemic events, can a single epidemic model capture its dynamics during the entire period? How should we divide the sequence into segments to better capture the dynamics? Throughout human history, infectious diseases (e.g., the Black Death and COVID-19) have been serious threats. Consequently, understanding and forecasting the evolving patterns of epidemic events are critical for prevention and decision making. To this end, epidemic... Читать дальше...

Features of patients who developed hepatocellular carcinoma after direct-acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C Virus

Plos.org 
En

by Seiichi Mawatari, Kotaro Kumagai, Kohei Oda, Kazuaki Tabu, Sho Ijuin, Kunio Fujisaki, Shuzo Tashima, Yukiko Inada, Hirofumi Uto, Akiko Saisyoji, Yasunari Hiramine, Masafumi Hashiguchi, Tsutomu Tamai, Takeshi Hori, Ohki Taniyama, Ai Toyodome, Haruka Sakae, Takeshi Kure, Kazuhiro Sakurai, Akihiro Moriuchi, Shuji Kanmura, Akio Ido

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Remdesivir and dexamethasone as tools to relieve hospital care systems stressed by COVID-19: A modelling study on bed resources and budget impact

Plos.org 
En

by Guillaume Béraud, Jean-François Timsit, Henri Leleu

Remdesivir and dexamethasone are the only drugs providing reductions in the lengths of hospital stays for COVID-19 patients. We assessed the impacts of remdesivir on hospital-bed resources and budgets affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. A stochastic agent-based model was combined with epidemiological data available on the COVID-19 outbreak in France and data from two randomized control trials. Strategies involving treating with remdesivir... Читать дальше...

The world’s first glyphosate-resistant case of Avena fatua L. and Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne and alternative herbicide options for their control

Plos.org 
En

by Bhagirath Singh Chauhan

Avena fatua and A. ludoviciana (commonly known as wild oats) are the most problematic winter grass species in fallows and winter crops in the northeast region of Australia. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of glyphosate and alternative post-emergence herbicides on A. fatua and A. ludoviciana. This study reports the world’s first glyphosate-resistant (GR) biotypes of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana. The glyphosate dose required to kill... Читать дальше...

Determinants of whole-body maximal aerobic performance in young male and female athletes: The roles of lower extremity muscle size, strength and power

Plos.org 
En

by Takaki Yamagishi, Akira Saito, Yasuo Kawakami

This study sought to determine whether lower extremity muscle size, power and strength could be a determinant of whole-body maximal aerobic performance in athletes. 20 male and 19 female young athletes (18 ± 4 years) from various sporting disciplines participated in this study. All athletes performed a continuous ramp-incremental cycling to exhaustion for the determination of peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak: the highest V˙O2 over a 15-s period) and maximal power output (MPO... Читать дальше...

Two components of body-image disturbance are differentially associated with distinct eating disorder characteristics in healthy young women

Plos.org 
En

by Yumi Hamamoto, Shinsuke Suzuki, Motoaki Sugiura

Body-image disturbance comprises two components. The first is perceptual in nature, and is measured by a discrepancy between one’s actual body and perceived self-image (“perceived–actual discrepancy”). The other component is affective, and is measured by a discrepancy between one’s perceived self-image and ideal body image (“perceived–ideal discrepancy”). The present study evaluated the relationships between body-image disturbance and characteristics... Читать дальше...

Improving the accessibility to public schools in urban areas of developing countries through a location model and an analytical framework

Plos.org 
En

by Jesica de Armas, Helena Ramalhinho, Marta Reynal-Querol

The location of primary public schools in urban areas of developing countries is the focus of this study. In such areas, new schools and modification of the current schools are required, and this process should be developed using rational and broad supporting tools for decision makers, such as optimization models. We propose a realistic coverage location model and a framework to analyze the location of schools. Our approach considers the existing schools and their resizing... Читать дальше...

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Lingering effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of first-year university students in Japan

Plos.org 
En

by Ryo Horita, Akihiro Nishio, Mayumi Yamamoto

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is continuing unabated in Japan, as of October 2021. We aimed to compare first-year university students’ psychological distress before the pandemic in 2019, during the pandemic in 2020, and one year after the onset of the pandemic, in 2021.

Methods

The study conducted online surveys over three years from April to May each year. Participants were 400 first-year students in 2019, 766 in 2020, and 738 in 2021. Читать дальше...

The mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey in the UK

Plos.org 
En

by Tianhua Chen, Mike Lucock

Higher education students’ mental health has been a growing concern in recent years even before the COVID-19 pandemic. The stresses and restrictions associated with the pandemic have put university students at greater risk of developing mental health issues, which may significantly impair their academic success, social interactions and their future career and personal opportunities. This paper aimed to understand the mental health status of University students... Читать дальше...


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