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2022

Новости за 02.08.2022

A variational-autoencoder approach to solve the hidden profile task in hybrid human-machine teams

Plos.org 

by Niccolo Pescetelli, Patrik Reichert, Alex Rutherford

Algorithmic agents, popularly known as bots, have been accused of spreading misinformation online and supporting fringe views. Collectives are vulnerable to hidden-profile environments, where task-relevant information is unevenly distributed across individuals. To do well in this task, information aggregation must equally weigh minority and majority views against simple but inefficient majority-based decisions. In an experimental design... Читать дальше...

Automatic grading for Arabic short answer questions using optimized deep learning model

Plos.org 

by Mustafa Abdul Salam, Mohamed Abd El-Fatah, Naglaa Fathy Hassan

Auto-grading of short answer questions is considered a challenging problem in the processing of natural language. It requires a system to comprehend the free text answers to automatically assign a grade for a student answer compared to one or more model answers. This paper suggests an optimized deep learning model for grading short-answer questions automatically by using various sizes of datasets collected in the Science subject for students in seventh grade in Egypt. Читать дальше...



Bayesian and frequentist approaches to sequential monitoring for futility in oncology basket trials: A comparison of Simon’s two-stage design and Bayesian predictive probability monitoring with information sharing across baskets

Plos.org 

by Alexander Kaizer, Emily Zabor, Lei Nie, Brian Hobbs

This article discusses and compares statistical designs of basket trial, from both frequentist and Bayesian perspectives. Baskets trials are used in oncology to study interventions that are developed to target a specific feature (often genetic alteration or immune phenotype) that is observed across multiple tissue types and/or tumor histologies. Patient heterogeneity has become pivotal to the development of non-cytotoxic treatment strategies. Читать дальше...

Community acceptance and social impacts of carbon capture, utilization and storage projects: A systematic meta-narrative literature review

Plos.org 

by Jacob A. E. Nielsen, Kostas Stavrianakis, Zoe Morrison

This manuscript presents a systematic meta-narrative review of peer-reviewed publications considering community acceptance and social impacts of site-specific Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) projects to inform the design and implementation of CCUS projects who seek to engage with communities during this process, as well as similar climate mitigation and adaptation initiatives. A meta-narrative approach to systematic review... Читать дальше...

Glucose deprivation reduces proliferation and motility, and enhances the anti-proliferative effects of paclitaxel and doxorubicin in breast cell lines in vitro

Plos.org 

by Maitham A. Khajah, Sarah Khushaish, Yunus A. Luqmani

Background

Breast cancer chemotherapy with high dose alkylating agents is severely limited by their collateral toxicity to crucial normal tissues such as immune and gut cells. Taking advantage of the selective dependence of cancer cells on high glucose and combining glucose deprivation with these agents could produce therapeutic synergy.

Methods

In this study we examined the effect of glucose as well as its deprivation, and... Читать дальше...

Accessibility calculation and equality evaluation of medical facilities for COVID-19 pandemic treatment: A case study of the Wuhan metropolitan development zone

Plos.org 

by Xiumei Shen

Medical facility equality is a critical metric for determining equal access to medical care. Their spatial distribution is important for effective pandemic treatment and daily prevention in cities. This paper used the Kernel Density Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (KD2SFCA) and shortest distance methods to calculate the accessibility of designated COVID-19 Fangcang hospitals and fever clinics in the Wuhan Metropolitan Development Zone. Their equality was evaluated by the Gini coefficient and Lorentz curve. Читать дальше...

Decitabine attenuates ischemic stroke by reducing astrocytes proliferation in rats

Plos.org 

by Qi Zhang, Dan Li, Haihua Zhao, Xu Zhang

DNA methylation regulates epigenetic gene expression in ischemic stroke. Decitabine attenuates ischemic stroke by inhibiting DNA methylation. However, the underlying mechanism of this effect is not known. A model of ischemic stroke in Sprague-Dawley rats was induced through middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion step. The rats were randomly treated with decitabine or vehicle by a one-time intraperitoneal injection. Sham rats received similar treatments. Читать дальше...

Contemporary nutrition-based interventions to reduce risk of infection among elderly long-term care residents: A scoping review

Plos.org 

by Athanasios Psihogios, Claudia Madampage, Brent E. Faught

Background

Elderly long-term care residents (ELTCRs) face considerable burden of infection, especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The nutritional status of the host can influence susceptibility to infection by altering immune system integrity, therefore, nutrition-based interventions may be a viable complement to existing infection prevention measures.

Objective

This scoping review sought to identify nutritional... Читать дальше...

Новости России
Москва

«Искуситель», «Актриса» и «Пиковая дама»: топ 3 спектаклей сентября


Shortening shift’s length—Should we ask the residents if this is what they want?

Plos.org 

by Yehuda Hershkovitz, Adi Rasco, Orna Tal

Introduction

Work overload in hospitals enforced reducing shifts length of physicians in many countries over the last decade. In Israel, the current shift standard is of 26 hours, however, there is a residents’ struggle alongside a governmental intent to short the shifts to 16 hour. We aim to evaluate residents and interns support and preferences regarding shortening shifts and their ramifications to quality of life and residency programs.

... Читать дальше...


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