Новости за 11.08.2022

The Langya virus, which is related to the Nipah and Hendra viruses, has infected at least 35 people in China in the two years before 2021

Environmental engineers help balance human needs and health with the preservation of nature, working to mitigate water and air pollution, manage stormwater runoff, and reduce erosion, among other issues. They will design future infrastructure and systems that are more efficient and less polluting. Their work will…

Health informatics broadly describes the streamlining of patient data processes and the administration of health care; it is an interdisciplinary field that is dedicated to fixing the health data ecosystem, thereby improving care for all patients. Data-driven approaches will overhaul older forms of medical record…

Medicine has come so far in 100 years—and yet many diseases have eluded our best efforts at treatments and cures. You can think of health research and innovation as the catch-all R&D department for healthcare. It’s essential work: Research in cell lines, animals, and computer models steadily progresses into human…

Microbiologists scrutinize some of the smallest lifeforms, from helpful gut microbes to dangerous pathogens. The study of microorganisms their impacts on human health will help us manage threats and even harness their potential benefits. The bacteria that call us home shape seemingly every aspect of our…

Gender and diversity studies have grown and expanded in scope since they first began at institutions of higher learning about 50 years ago. Diversity studies examines concepts like social class, race, ethnicity, gender, sociality, and age, among others; gender studies focuses on the social structures that have…

As long as there are countries, international security will be an imperative field of the future—even if the venues of conflict change. Jobs in international relations can range from diplomatic posts and peacekeeping roles to roles in homeland security and law. In the future, international relations and international…

Environmental and climate scientists help monitor Earth’s environment and investigate humans’ relationship with it. Understanding climate change and its effects is crucial for mitigating its immediate impacts. Earth’s environments are changing as the planet warms due to human industry. Building better climate models…

Runaway growth and rampant waste cannot continue the way they did in the 20th century—our natural resources are limited, and environmental destruction is an existential threat to both wildlife and human society. From fisheries management, to corporate sustainability, to designing the apartments of the future,…

Cities need to be designed to be more energy efficient, resilient, and affordable. Urban planners today are dealing with challenges that didn’t exist 30 years ago, including more frequent and more extreme weather emergencies. They’re also dealing with the impacts of decisions made long ago, like the prioritization of…

The 25 fields we’ve identified as Degrees of the Future reflect the technologies, cultural shifts, and challenges that will shape the mid-21st century. Just as the advent of computers, research into genomics, and the advancement of rocketry changed the trajectory of the 20th century, these areas are likely to produce…

In the 1950s, a visionary college student might have pursued a degree in computer science, and helped create our modern digital world. In the 1990s, that same student might have studied biotechnology, and developed genetic engineering techniques that are solving today’s health crises. But what and where should a…

Genetics is the study of inheritance—from someone’s brown eyes to their inability to eat dairy. Taken together with genomics—the study of the entire genome of an organism—researchers get better at understanding overall human health, and how to fight diseases.

The study of the causes of diseases and their spread will continue to be crucial, particularly as climate change presents us with new health challenges and worsens the threat of pandemics. “Epidemiology provides analytic tools to better understand and respond to the urgent problems we are facing now, which will only…

Immunology and virology respectively study the strengths and weaknesses of our body’s immune system, and some of the most dangerous threats to them: viruses. As new viral outbreaks emerge and familiar viruses mutate into new threats, it’s crucial to know how our bodies can adapt.

Molecular and cellular biology probe the itsy-bitsy processes that make us human, from DNA replication to cell division. “It started out to be a pure scientific investigation of some absolutely classic questions in science,” said David Baltimore, biologist at Caltech and the Broad Institute and 1975 Nobel laureate.…

Neuroscientists study the brain and its various complex capabilities, from memory and learning to human behavior and consciousness. Neuroscientists generally need PhDs to do their work, which often is in a hospital or university setting. But neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field that may require knowledge of…

A degree in artificial intelligence will soon be relevant to just about any field. As the problems humans try to solve become bigger, some of the best solutions may be achieved with AI. AI involves subdisciplines like machine learning and deep learning, both of which are means by which computers can be trained to…

Computer graphics determine how we experience and interact with technology; innovations in this field can literally change how we see the world. Work here will be relevant to a wide range of fields, from entertainment to medical imaging and training. “Computer graphics are needed in so many important aspects of our…

In 2020, a patient in Germany died after hackers disrupted IT systems at a hospital, forcing a delay in her treatment. Ransom-seeking cyberattacks on health care systems have become a growing threat, showing the life-or-death stakes of modern cybersecurity. It’s crucial that computers are adequately guarded against…

As our ability to gather huge amounts of information grows, so does our need to analyze it. “It’s such a fundamental driver of progress,” said Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye, a data scientist at Imperial College London and Special Adviser on AI and data protection to the European Commission’s Justice Commissioner, “when…

Games are a reflection of our world and help shape the way we see it. For children, games can be a way of learning fundamental interpersonal and problem-solving skills—and so the way games are designed has a very real impact on society. “There’s been a shift away from tangible, mechanical approaches to design and more…

User experience design affects everyone, from voters trying to understand their ballots to a grandparent trying to video call with their grandchild. It’s crucial that these interfaces meet their moment, by making technologies like health care portals and smartphones as intuitive as possible. “User experience runs the…

Automated systems have long dominated manufacturing, but now they’re moving into customer service, medical care, warfare, and so many other environments—they’re even controlling the rovers currently driving around Mars. “Robotics is extremely important, since it has the potential to help humans to solve complex,…

Spaceflight, once the sole domain of government-backed agencies like NASA and Roscosmos, is now a thriving commercial venture, and innovations in rocketry and orbital technology are increasingly coming from private companies. At the same time, space agencies are still creating incredible new tech (like fully electric…