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Новости за 09.09.2022

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Combining epidemiology and economics to assess control of a viral endemic animal disease: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

Plos.org 
En

by Pablo Valdes-Donoso, Lovell S. Jarvis

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an extremely contagious disease that causes great damage to the U.S. pork industry. PRRS is not subject to official control in the U.S., but most producers adopt control strategies, including vaccination. However, the PRRS virus mutates frequently, facilitating its ability to infect even vaccinated animals. In this paper we analyze how increased vaccination on sow farms reduces PRRS losses and when vaccination is profitable. Читать дальше...

Genetic algorithm with a new round-robin based tournament selection: Statistical properties analysis

Plos.org 
En

by Abid Hussain, Salma Riaz, Muhammad Sohail Amjad, Ehtasham ul Haq

A round-robin tournament is a contest where each and every player plays with all the other players. In this study, we propose a round-robin based tournament selection operator for the genetic algorithms (GAs). At first, we divide the whole population into two equal and disjoint groups, then each individual of a group competes with all the individuals of other group. Statistical experimental results reveal that the devised... Читать дальше...

The career paths of researchers in long-term employment on short-term contracts: Case study from a UK university

Plos.org 
En

by Cecile B. Menard, Sara Shinton

The career stage between PhD and lectureship, conventionally called “postdoctoral”, has traditionally been seen as transitional. However, with an estimated one third of university researchers in the United Kingdom having been employed on temporary contracts for more than 10 years, the transitional nature of this career stage is questionable. Despite so many research staff being in long-term employment on short-term contracts, the lack of visibility of this population... Читать дальше...



Transcriptome analysis of Homo sapiens and Mus musculus reveals mechanisms of CD8+ T cell exhaustion caused by different factors

Plos.org 
En

by Lin Zhang, Hafumi Nishi

T cell exhaustion is a state of T cell dysfunction during chronic infection and cancer. Antibody-targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors to reverse T cell exhaustion is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. However, molecular mechanisms of T cell exhaustion remain incompletely understood. Here, we performed a transcriptome analysis by integrating seven exhaustion datasets caused by multiple diseases in both humans and mice. In this study, an overlap of 21... Читать дальше...

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Quantitative prediction of ensemble dynamics, shapes and contact propensities of intrinsically disordered proteins

Plos.org 
En

by Lei Yu, Rafael Brüschweiler

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are highly dynamic systems that play an important role in cell signaling processes and their misfunction often causes human disease. Proper understanding of IDP function not only requires the realistic characterization of their three-dimensional conformational ensembles at atomic-level resolution but also of the time scales of interconversion between their conformational substates. Large sets of experimental data are... Читать дальше...

A transcriptional cycling model recapitulates chromatin-dependent features of noisy inducible transcription

Plos.org 
En

by M. Elise Bullock, Nataly Moreno-Martinez, Kathryn Miller-Jensen

Activation of gene expression in response to environmental cues results in substantial phenotypic heterogeneity between cells that can impact a wide range of outcomes including differentiation, viral activation, and drug resistance. An important source of gene expression noise is transcriptional bursting, or the process by which transcripts are produced during infrequent bursts of promoter activity. Chromatin accessibility... Читать дальше...


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