Новости за 18.10.2022

This Medical News feature discusses the challenges of predicting how severe flu season might be.

This study assesses the association between COVID-19 mRNA booster immunization compared with vaccination with the primary mRNA vaccination series alone and odds of hospitalization for COVID-19.

This Viewpoint discusses ways in which free time during patient visits, resulting from removal of tradition- and reimbursement-driven care in favor of more evidence-based care, could be used to achieve better health outcomes based on recommendations from the US Preventive Services Task Force evidence-based preventive care.

This 2022 Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (B recommendation) and concludes that current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for MDD in children 11 years or younger (I statement) and of screening for suicide risk in children and adolescents (I statement).

This systematic review to support the 2022 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on screening for depression and suicide risk in children and adolescents summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for and treatment of depression and suicide risk in children and adolescents 18 years or younger.

This JAMA Patient Page summarizes the US Preventive Services Task Force’s recommendations on screening for depression and suicide risk in children and adolescents.

Suicidal behavior is among the most critical of medical emergencies for adolescents. Among US youth aged 15 to 24 years, intentional self-harm (suicide) is the second leading cause of death and accounted for 6807 deaths in 2018. Recent statistics are ominous regarding significant increases in suicidal behavior among adolescents; from 2009 and 2019, there were significant increases in the prevalence of those who reported having seriously considered attempting suicide (13.8% to 18.8%) and having attempted... Читать дальше...

This Viewpoint explains how a recent Supreme Court decision clarifies rules for prescribing controlled substances so that patients are not denied appropriate care and physicians are not unjustly prosecuted.

This Viewpoint discusses the potential benefits and harms of prior authorization in Medicare Advantage and the health policy implications and opportunities for improvement.

Little more than half of health care facilities worldwide meet the criteria for basic hand hygiene services, according to a recent report.

Underdeveloped regions such as sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected by both climate change and HIV. Now, researchers have used survey data collected over 12 years in 21 countries in sub-Saharan Africa to explore the associations between HIV infections and heavy rainfall.

About 10.5 million children worldwide experienced COVID-19–associated loss of parents and caregivers through May 1, 2022, according to estimates based on World Health Organization (WHO) data. COVID-19 orphaned an estimated 7.5 million of those children.

Rotavirus was the leading cause of diarrhea requiring hospitalization among young children in 28 low- and middle-income countries despite the introduction of rotavirus vaccine, according to a study published in BMJ Global Health.

In this narrative medicine essay, a third-year pediatric resident’s descriptions of the yellow colors in medicine demonstrate her sense of comfort in her profession in contrast with the uncertainty she feels as she enters her new life of motherhood.

I stand by the bed rail, wearing a tie for my father— red with blue rings.

This study uses a prospective cohort of essential and frontline workers in 6 US states with SARS-CoV-2 infection to examine associations between 2 or 3 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and attenuation of symptoms and viral RNA load across SARS-CoV-2 viral lineages.

This placebo-controlled, crossover randomized clinical trial compares the effects of spinal cord burst stimulation vs placebo stimulation in patients with chronic radiculopathy after surgery for degenerative lumbar spine disorders.

This cross-sectional analysis estimates the proportion of health care spending contributed by prescription drugs as well as examines spending for retail and clinician-administered prescriptions.

In Reply In their letter, Drs Spence and Hankey discuss what they describe as an exception to the USPSTF’s recent recommendations that the evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of the use of single or paired nutrient supplements (other than beta carotene and vitamin E) or multivitamins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer. In response, the USPSTF would like to highlight the important differences between the evidence Spence and Hankey cite in their letter and the USPSTF Recommendation Statement... Читать дальше...

In Reply We appreciate the comments by Dr Jiang and colleagues regarding our recent Research Letter. In our cohort, 5 of 79 patients (6.3%) during the Delta wave and 5 of 33 patients (15.1%) during the Omicron wave received a second dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine at least 2 weeks prior to hospital admission; none of the vaccinated patients were admitted to intensive care units or required treatment with vasopressors. The incidence rate of MIS-C during the Omicron wave was lower than during both the Delta and Alpha waves.

To the Editor A recent recommendation of the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concluded that there is no convincing evidence that vitamin supplements are beneficial for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer. However, we would like to highlight an important exception: B vitamins used to lower homocysteine levels do prevent stroke.

To the Editor A recent study from Israel showed that multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) during the Omicron wave was less severe than during the Alpha and Delta waves. None of the vaccinated children with SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted to the intensive care unit or required vasopressors. Receipt of 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, which increased from 6.3% during the Delta wave to 15.1% during the Omicron wave, was associated with a lower incidence and more favorable outcomes of MIS-C. Читать дальше...

The study of epidemiology is awakening a greater interest, and enlisting larger efforts in its behalf, than ever before. In his History of Medicine, Garrison speaks of it even today as “the infantile science of epidemiology, just emerging from the descriptive stage.” The predisposing factors of many epidemics of the medieval period, such as the crowded condition and bad sanitation of the walled towns, “the squalor, misrule and gross immorality occasioned by the many wars, by the fact that Europe was overrun by wandering soldiers... Читать дальше...

The FDA and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have launched a public-private partnership to advance the understanding of and accelerate the development of treatments for rare neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Philips Respironics has recalled more than 17 million masks used with bilevel positive airway pressure and continuous positive airway pressure machines because they contain magnets that could affect a wide range of implanted metallic medical devices, resulting in injury or death, the FDA recently announced.