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Апрель
2023

Новости за 14.04.2023

Work as an arena for health—Supervisors’ experiences with attending to employees’ sick leave and return-to-work process

Plos.org 

by Nina Elisabeth Klevanger, Lene Aasdahl, Marit By Rise

Background

Supervisors play a pivotal role in the sick leave process. Although responsibility for sick leave and return to work follow-up is increasingly placed on the workplace in Norway, few studies have explored supervisors’ experiences. This study aims to explore supervisors´ experiences with attending to employees’ sick leave and return to work process.

Methods

This study consists of individual interviews with 11 supervisors... Читать дальше...

Longitudinal transitions in initiation, cessation, and relapse of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among US youth and adults: Validation of a microsimulation model

Plos.org 

by Eli Schwamm, Farzad Noubary, Nancy A. Rigotti, Krishna P. Reddy

Introduction

Estimates of initiation, cessation, and relapse rates of tobacco cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use can facilitate projections of longer-term impact of their use. We aimed to derive transition rates and apply them to validate a microsimulation model of tobacco that newly incorporated e-cigarettes.

Methods

We fit a Markov multi-state model (MMSM) for participants in Waves 1–4.5 of the Population Assessment... Читать дальше...



DagSim: Combining DAG-based model structure with unconstrained data types and relations for flexible, transparent, and modularized data simulation

Plos.org 

by Ghadi S. Al Hajj, Johan Pensar, Geir K. Sandve

Data simulation is fundamental for machine learning and causal inference, as it allows exploration of scenarios and assessment of methods in settings with full control of ground truth. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are well established for encoding the dependence structure over a collection of variables in both inference and simulation settings. However, while modern machine learning is applied to data of an increasingly complex nature, DAG-based... Читать дальше...

Circular RNA expression alterations and function prediction in OSA-induced pancreatic injury in mice: New insights into pathogenesis

Plos.org 

by Qingshi Chen, Jiayu Lin, Zhiyu Chen, Lishuang Che, Dexin Liu

Objectives

Increasing studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. However, the function of circRNAs in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-induced pancreatic damage has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the altered circRNA profiles in a chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) mouse model were investigated, aiming to provide novel clues for delineating the underlying... Читать дальше...

Storage stability performance of composite modified asphalt with scrap non-tire automotive rubber, waste plastic pyrolytic oil and sulfur

Plos.org 

by Ankush Kumar, Rajan Choudhary, Abhinay Kumar

Composite asphalt binder has emerged as a potential solution for improving asphalt functionality at a wide spectrum of temperatures. Storage stability of modified binder remains a main concern to ensure homogeneity during various stages including its storage, pumping, transportation, and construction. The aim of this study was to assess the storage stability of composite asphalt binders fabricated using non-tire waste ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer... Читать дальше...

Realistic and complex visual chasing behaviors trigger the perception of intentionality

Plos.org 

by Mohan Ji, Emily J. Ward, C. Shawn Green

We not only perceive the physical state of the environment, but also the causal structures underlying the physical state. Determining whether an object has intentionality is a key component of this process. Among all possible intentions, the intention that has arguably been studied the most is chasing—often via a reasonably simple and stereotyped computer algorithm (“heat-seeking”). The current study investigated the perception of multiple types... Читать дальше...

A comprehensive performance analysis of sequence-based within-sample testing NIPT methods

Plos.org 

by Tom Mokveld, Zaid Al-Ars, Erik A. Sistermans, Marcel Reinders

Background

Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing is often performed by utilizing read coverage-based profiles obtained from shallow whole genome sequencing to detect fetal copy number variations. Such screening typically operates on a discretized binned representation of the genome, where (ab)normality of bins of a set size is judged relative to a reference panel of healthy samples. In practice such approaches are too costly given... Читать дальше...

Investing to gain others’ trust: Cognitive abstraction increases prosocial behavior and trust received from others

Plos.org 

by Gijs van Houwelingen, Marius van Dijke

Being trusted has many positive implications for one’s wellbeing (e.g., a better career, more satisfying interpersonal relationships). Scholars have suggested that people actively attempt to earn trust. However, it is not clear what makes people invest in actions that may earn them trust. We propose that cognitive abstraction (more than concreteness) facilitates seeing the long-term benefits of performing behaviors (i.e., prosocial behaviors) for gaining trust. Читать дальше...

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NP and 9311 are excellent population parents for screening QTLs of potassium-efficient rice

Plos.org 

by Tingchang Liu, Liangli Bai, Lifang Huang, Donghai Mao

High and stable rice yields are critical to global food security, and potassium-deficient soils in East Asia have seriously limited rice production in the regions. It is feasible to screen potassium efficient quantitative trait locus(QTLs) from existing rice varieties to cope with rice production in potassium-deficient areas, and the selection of population parents is the key to locating major QTLs. After a long period of natural selection... Читать дальше...

GRACE: Graph autoencoder based single-cell clustering through ensemble similarity learning

Plos.org 

by Jun Seo Ha, Hyundoo Jeong

Recent advances in single-cell sequencing techniques have enabled gene expression profiling of individual cells in tissue samples so that it can accelerate biomedical research to develop novel therapeutic methods and effective drugs for complex disease. The typical first step in the downstream analysis pipeline is classifying cell types through accurate single-cell clustering algorithms. Here, we describe a novel single-cell clustering algorithm, called GRACE... Читать дальше...

Development and validation of the nomogram to predict the risk of hospital drug shortages: A prediction model

Plos.org 

by Jie Dong, Yang Gao, Yi Liu, Xiuling Yang

Introduction

Reasons for drug shortages are multi-factorial, and patients are greatly injured. So we needed to reduce the frequency and risk of drug shortages in hospitals. At present, the risk of drug shortages in medical institutions rarely used prediction models. To this end, we attempted to proactively predict the risk of drug shortages in hospital drug procurement to make further decisions or implement interventions.

Objectives

The... Читать дальше...

Detecting fatigue of sport horses with biomechanical gait features using inertial sensors

Plos.org 

by Hamed Darbandi, Carolien Munsters, Jeanne Parmentier, Paul Havinga

Detection of fatigue helps prevent injuries and optimize the performance of horses. Previous studies tried to determine fatigue using physiological parameters. However, measuring the physiological parameters, e.g., plasma lactate, is invasive and can be affected by different factors. In addition, the measurement cannot be done automatically and requires a veterinarian for sample collection. This study investigated the possibility... Читать дальше...


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