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Сентябрь
2023

Новости за 08.09.2023

Building a strong foundation: How pre-doctorate experience shapes doctoral student outcomes

Plos.org 

by Svetlana Zhuchkova, Saule Bekova

The effectiveness of doctoral programs has been a major topic of interest for national policies, universities, and researchers for decades now. However, studies that try to identify factors associated with doctoral students’ success usually focus on characteristics measured during doctoral training, while the role of pre-doctorate characteristics remains underexplored. This research aims to fill this gap by examining whether and how various aspects of pre-doctorate experience–academic achievements... Читать дальше...



Tuberculosis prevalence after 4 years of population-wide systematic TB symptom screening and universal testing and treatment for HIV in the HPTN 071 (PopART) community-randomised trial in Zambia and South Africa: A cross-sectional survey (TREATS)

Plos.org 

by Eveline Klinkenberg, Sian Floyd, Kwame Shanaube, Linda Mureithi, Thomas Gachie, Petra de Haas, Barry Kosloff, Peter J. Dodd, Maria Ruperez, Chali Wapamesa, James Michael Burnett, Nico Kalisvaart, Nkatya Kasese, Redwaan Vermaak, Albertus Schaap, Sarah Fidler, Richard Hayes, Helen Ayles, on behalf of the TREATS study team

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Error-independent effect of sensory uncertainty on motor learning when both feedforward and feedback control processes are engaged

Plos.org 

by Christopher L. Hewitson, David M. Kaplan, Matthew J. Crossley

Integrating sensory information during movement and adapting motor plans over successive movements are both essential for accurate, flexible motor behaviour. When an ongoing movement is off target, feedback control mechanisms update the descending motor commands to counter the sensed error. Over longer timescales, errors induce adaptation in feedforward planning so that future movements become more accurate and require less... Читать дальше...

A whole-task brain model of associative recognition that accounts for human behavior and neuroimaging data

Plos.org 

by Jelmer P. Borst, Sean Aubin, Terrence C. Stewart

Brain models typically focus either on low-level biological detail or on qualitative behavioral effects. In contrast, we present a biologically-plausible spiking-neuron model of associative learning and recognition that accounts for both human behavior and low-level brain activity across the whole task. Based on cognitive theories and insights from machine-learning analyses of M/EEG data, the model proceeds through five processing stages... Читать дальше...

Predicting the virulence of future emerging zoonotic viruses

Plos.org 

by Samuel Alizon

Would you rather kiss a platypus, a hedgehog, or a llama? According to a new study in this issue of PLOS Biology, the virulence of a zoonotic virus in humans depends on its reservoir host. Could physiology be the key to anticipating viral threats lethality? Would you rather kiss a platypus, a hedgehog or a llama? This study explores a new study in PLOS Biology which uses evolutionary epidemiology models to show that the life-history of the reservoir mammal hosts of zoonotic... Читать дальше...

Fluctuating temperatures have a surprising effect on disease transmission

Plos.org 

by Marta S. Shocket

Theory predicts that temperature fluctuations should reduce performance near an organism’s thermal optimum. A new study in PLOS Biology found fluctuations increased parasite transmission instead, highlighting questions about how climate change will impact infectious diseases. Theory predicts that temperature fluctuations should reduce performance near an organism’s thermal optimum. This Primer explores a new study in PLOS Biology showing that fluctuations increased parasite transmission instead... Читать дальше...

'Weird' Dinosaur Prompts Rethink of Bird Evolution

Scientific American 

A newly described fossil is as old as the “first bird,” Archaeopteryx, and represents a birdlike dinosaur that might have specialized in running or wading instead of flying


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