Новости за 06.02.2024

This study analyzes trends in US mortality attributed to both diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state from 1999-2022.

In this narrative medicine essay, an emergency medicine resident worries that the demands of surgical residency will consume her wife until 4 chickens came to live in their coop.

This Medical News story discusses JN.1, recently classified as a SARS-CoV-2 “variant of interest” by the World Health Organization.

This Arts and Medicine feature reviews the history of pellagra and recounts the role of artist and illustrator John Carroll who, in 1919, painted portraits of people with the vitamin deficiency to document in color the appearance of pellagra skin plaques.

Physicians in the US do not typically prescribe abortion medications, such as mifepristone and misoprostol, before pregnancy occurs. However, the number of daily requests for abortion medications for future use—known as advance provision—spiked after the Supreme Court announced the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision and remained high after courts issued rulings concerning the Food and Drug Administration’s approval of mifepristone, researchers reported.

Special Operations Forces veterans with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) who were treated with ibogaine, a plant-based psychoactive substance, experienced improved symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety immediately after receiving the drug and at 1 month after treatment, a recent observational study found. The results might be the first evidence that a single treatment with ibogaine can improve chronic disability from TBIs after combat and exposure to blasts, the researchers reported in Nature Medicine.

Medicare does not currently cover weight management medications, but 76% of adults think it should, according to results from a survey polling the attitudes of roughly 2700 adults aged 50 to 80 years and published by the University of Michigan.

Rates of minor and major complications—such as intestinal blockage and cardiac arrest—among patients screened for lung cancer might be about 2 or more times higher than the rates suggested by earlier estimates, according to a recent study.

Receiving doxycycline after sex did not lead to fewer chlamydia or gonorrhea infections among cisgender women compared with standard care, according to results from a randomized clinical trial involving 449 participants aged 18 to 30 years in Kenya who were also receiving preexposure prophylaxis against HIV. These findings contrast previous research that showed taking doxycycline within 72 hours after a sexual encounter protects cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women from sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Physicians who visited a patient with a chair placed within 3 feet and facing the bed were far more likely to sit during the visit than when the chair was left in its usual location in the room’s cupboard, according to results from 125 observed patient encounters at a Texas hospital. These seated bedside encounters were linked with higher patient satisfaction scores.

Screening women for human papillomavirus (HPV) every 5 years might reduce more cervical cancer deaths in a more cost-effective way than other screening methods like colposcopies, according to 2 studies involving women from 78 low- and lower-middle–income countries.

Although more than 10 US states have passed laws requiring recreational facilities to keep an automated external defibrillator (AED) on the premises, a recent study found that rates of bystanders who used an AED after seeing someone in cardiac arrest remained low through 2021.

From November to December 2023, US hospitalization rates increased by 200% for influenza, 51% for COVID-19, and 60% for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among all age groups, according to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advisory. Amid growing concern, the CDC issued the advisory about the low vaccination rates for all 3 respiratory illnesses and developed a vaccination conversation guide with talking points to help clinicians encourage uptake.

This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of early-stage and advanced thyroid cancer.

A dark-haired girl in a bed across from mine had inhaled a chunk of apple—lodging it like a runaway kite in the papery tree of her lung. Then it was fished out, in surgery, with a thin tube, like the red magnet my father lowered on a string—after the baby, jowled and mad as Potemkin, hurled the house keys down the grate, thrilling to their metal music, their jangled fall, their echo of heavy doors, strained tones, the adult voice of fate.

This study uses data from 3 prospective cohort studies conducted in the US to assess vaccine effectiveness of bivalent COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptomatic COVID-19 among children and adolescents.

This cohort study evaluates the risks of neonatal adverse events after exposure to COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy.

This retrospective study of patients with gout examines whether serum urate levels are associated with subsequent risk of gout flares and hospitalization for gout.

In Reply We thank Dr Hecht for his comment on our recent research article examining sedentary behavior and incident dementia. We agree that the possibility of ascertainment bias is an important issue that warrants careful consideration. As we discussed in the Limitations section of our article, the use of hospital records and death registry data for dementia diagnoses may provide less accurate diagnoses or may underestimate cases in this cohort, leading to the potential for ascertainment bias related... Читать дальше...

In Reply In response to our recent article, Mr Uzoigwe and Dr Ali comment that the 1965 study by Zipursky et al, which we used to calculate a threshold for significant fRBC allosensitization, is unethical. These ethical flaws highlight that decades have elapsed since there has been adequate scientific study of Rh sensitization in early pregnancy and underscore the need to design new studies that address research gaps while protecting human participants, as we did. Second, while we agree that the threshold of 0.1 mL of fRBCs may be arbitrary... Читать дальше...

To the Editor A recent study on physical activity and risk of dementia has several strengths, including the large population and an objective measure of physical activity. There is an important limitation that the authors do not appear to fully address, however: ascertainment bias. As the diagnosis of dementia depended on either having a death certificate or hospitalization (in which inpatient diagnostic codes would be assigned), the outcome could be ascertained only in participants with these health outcomes. Читать дальше...

To the Editor A recent study engaged an important topic; however, it is premature to conclude, contrary to national guidelines, that Rh testing and immunoglobulin are no longer indicated following first-trimester termination of pregnancy.

“Rickets is indeed a price paid by man for his abandonment of a life out-of-doors and a natural diet for a life in houses and a diet of denatured foodstuffs; it is a sign of the operation of the immutable law of nature that nothing out of accord with her shall flourish.” These are the words with which Professor Park of Yale University has summarized his conclusions. They indicate a reconciliation between the long contending views regarding the etiology of rickets. There can no longer be any doubt... Читать дальше...

Gout is a chronic illness that has been underappreciated and poorly understood. Despite being more prevalent than rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, gout has traditionally lagged behind these other diseases in research and quality of care. In addition, poor clinical management of gout is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome. These associations have been described as forming part of a comorbidity cluster in need of treatment optimization.

In the Original Investigation titled “Prone Positioning During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients With Severe ARDS: The PRONECMO Randomized Clinical Trial,” published in the December 26, 2023, issue of JAMA, errors in percentages occurred. In the Results of the Abstract and in the Results, Secondary Outcomes, section of the text, the risk difference for 90-day mortality should have been 3.5% with a 95% CI of −12.7% to 19.7%. In Table 1, the numbers of female participants reported were... Читать дальше...