Transporting a bike on a plane

I am considering buying a new road bike but I will also probably be moving to a new country next year. So I would need to plan for transporting the bike on the airplane.

How much trouble is it to do this? I assume the bike needs to be dismantled, but how far do you need to go with that? Removing front stem? Removing derailleurs? What is the standard way to pack a bike which will minimize the chance of damage? How costly could the whole procedure be? If anyone has experience with this, I'd love to hear from you.

Any advice on this would be appreciated.