Fresh cow urine is not safe for direct human consumption due to the potential presence of harmful bacteria, according to research from the Indian Veterinary Research Institute. The Institute found that whilst the urine of buffaloes was effective against certain bacteria strains, urine from healthy cows and bulls contained at least 14 kinds of harmful bacteria, including Escherichia coli, which can cause stomach infections. Although there are claims of health benefits associated with distilled cow urine, the Institute's head of epidemiology warned that fresh urine should not be consumed by humans.
