Here's what could happen to the military if the US defaults on its debt

As the United States stares down the barrel of a deadline to raise the national debt ceiling, past and current Pentagon leaders are sounding the alarm on how such an event could be deeply damaging to the country and those who keep it safe.  

Disrupted pay for service members, late benefits checks for veterans and a hit to U.S. national security are only a glimpse into what could come.  

Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin made that much clear this week, telling lawmakers that the Pentagon “won't, in some cases, be able to pay our troops with any degree of predictability,” should a default come to pass. 

And Joint Chiefs of Staff Chair Gen. Mark Milley said such an event could also “embolden China and increase risk to the United States.”  

The debt limit, is the dollar figure up to which the Treasury Department can borrow to pay for congressionally approved spending decided through the annual appropriations process. 

The Biden administration and the GOP are at a standstill on the matter, with congressional Republicans demanding cuts in exchange for lifting the ceiling. The White House, however, has stood firm that the limit should be raised now, and spending cut negotiations will be handled separately. 

With the deadline approaching in a manner of week, the brinkmanship between the White House and congressional leaders to avoid a default so far has not made progress. 

The Treasury Department has warned the country could default, an unprecedented event in modern times, as soon as June 1.

And the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) issued a report Friday that estimated the federal government’s deadline could now be the “first two weeks of June.” 

Because the Treasury has never been incapable of paying U.S. debt obligations – the one exception being in the War of 1812 when parts of Washington were burned, including the Treasury building – it’s not exactly clear what the effect would be on government payments.  

As the matter depends on how the Treasury Department decides to prioritize U.S. bills, it’s to be seen what takes precedence. Ongoing obligations that deal with national security, however, require a big chunk of that change. 

The Defense Department expends multiple billions of dollars every day for military, civilian and contractor pay; fuel to run bases and keep ships at sea; maintaining U.S. nuclear deterrents; keeping production lines running; and Social Security, Medicare and retirement payments for veterans, according to Arnold Punaro, a retired two-star Marine Corps general and a former Senate Armed Services Committee staff director. 

“It would not just be a huge stain on U.S. credibility in a very dangerous and unstable world, it would be the equivalent of a government shutdown of our national security,” Punaro said of a default.  

“The government could use whatever revenues it takes in if the debt ceiling is not raised, but those amounts would be woefully insufficient to support normal operations,” he added. 

On military salaries alone, the U.S. is due to pay out about $4 billion on June 15, according to an analysis released earlier this week by the Bipartisan Policy Center. 

On June 1, another $12 billion is supposed to go to military and civilian retirement payments and $12 billion towards veterans’ benefits.  

This isn’t the first time past and current Pentagon officials have raised alarms on how a default would affect the military. 

In a letter released in October 2021, the last time Washington neared the ceiling, Austin warned that a default would “undermine the economic strength on which our national security rests" and that "it would also seriously harm our service members and their families.” 

“I would have no authority or ability to ensure that our service members, civilians, or contractors would be paid in full or on time," he wrote at the time. 

Austin noted that benefits for 2.4 million military retirees and 400,000 survivors would be at risk, federal contractors could have their payments delayed, and America's international reputation and the stature of the U.S. dollar would be at risk. 

Seven of Austin’s predecessors, in a separate letter to Congress, said that should a default halt payments to members of the military, it is unclear whether they would ever be repaid.  

Congress eventually raised the debt limit to roughly $31.4 trillion in late 2021, but not without months of drama. 

Lawmakers are back in a similar situation this spring, as the GOP-led House has held firm on not raising the debt ceiling without significant spending cuts.  

President Biden and Speaker Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) earlier this week sat down with other congressional leaders to find a way forward, but no major movements have happened.  

For now, Pentagon leaders are making sure Congress understands the consequences should a debt default come to pass. 

“There’s just a number of things that we’re working with allies and partners on that would come into question as to whether or not we’ll be able to execute programs, but most important, this will affect the livelihood of our of our troops and our civilians,” Austin told lawmakers Thursday.