Uplifting to awkward: National convention history dotted with the dramatic and bizarre
CHICAGO (AP) — In 1948, the Republican and Democratic parties did something unthinkable in today’s climate of ferocious political animosity: They not only held their national conventions in the same city but also shared some of the props.
Both gathered in Philadelphia, largely because its Municipal Auditorium had already been fitted with the wiring needed for then-groundbreaking live convention coverage on national television.
To save money, Democrats asked Republicans to leave the American flags and bunting up to be reused at their event 17 days later. The GOP complied, though some items became faded and worn in the interval.
Like party camaraderie, the more informal way conventions were staged has evaporated. Once bare-knuckled showdowns to hammer out presidential nominees, modern gatherings have evolved into carefully scripted, made-for-TV events meant to showcase party unity.
High political drama is behind the Democrats when their convention opens Monday in Chicago, after President Joe Biden succumbed to mounting pressure from many in his own party and abandoned his reelection bid last month. There is still the potential for protests at the convention, but Democrats have coalesced with surprising speed and new energy around Vice President Kamala Harris at the top of the party's ticket. Republicans displayed similarly strong unity in nominating former President Donald Trump during the GOP convention in Milwaukee last month.
But even with conventions now choreographed down to tiny details, the unexpected can still happen. Here’s a look at a few soaring scenes, floor fights, street battles and other memorable convention moments that were uplifting, outlandish or just plain awkward:
Trump's triumphant return
Trump made a dramatic entrance on the first night of last month's Republican convention, striding into the arena to wild cheers with a bandage over his right ear, just two days after surviving an attempted assassination.
The moment led to speculation that the former president might emerge from the attack changed, ready to embrace a more optimistic outlook and perhaps stop leaning into the political divisions he has thrived on throughout his political career.
During his convention speech three nights later — with his ear still bandaged — the former president seemed to be doing just that, at first. He said early on that he sought to “launch a new era of safety, prosperity and freedom for citizens of every race, religion, color and creed.” But, by the end, Trump had returned to predictions of doom and division, warning, “Bad things are going to happen.”
Cruz's non-endorsement
As the last candidate Donald Trump defeated during the 2016 GOP primary, Texas Sen. Ted Cruz amassed enough delegates to address the party’s convention in Cleveland — but balked at endorsing his ex-rival.
Still smarting over Trump calling him “Lyin’ Ted,” mocking his wife’s appearance and suggesting the senator’s Cuba-born father was involved in the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Cruz implored delegates to “vote your conscience.” It drew prolonged boos.
Cruz reversed himself and endorsed Trump that fall, and today he’s among his staunchest defenders. But at the time, the vitriol was high enough that Cruz's wife, Heidi, was led from the convention floor, just in case.
Clint Eastwood’s empty chair
A head-scratching moment came in 2012, when Clint Eastwood addressed the Republican gathering in Tampa, Florida, with an empty chair standing in for then-President Barack Obama.
The actor and director spent 12 minutes conversing with the piece of furniture and even dodging barrages of imaginary obscenities from it.
“What do you mean shut up?” Eastwood crowed.
He also joked about then-Vice President Biden’s reputation for gaffes — launching criticisms that may have proven prescient, given the questions that arose following his disastrous debate performance in June.
“Of course, we all know Biden is the intellect of the Democratic party,” Eastwood told the chair. “Just kind of a grin, with a body behind it.”
‘Audacity of hope’
The year 2004 was otherwise terrible for Democrats, President George W. Bush won reelection and Republicans retained control of Congress. But one bright spot came from Obama, then a little-known Illinois state senator, electrifying his party’s Boston convention.
Obama dubbed himself “a skinny kid with a funny name who believes that America has a place for him, too” and summed up his political philosophy as being built around “the audacity of hope.”
Gore’s extra-long kiss
As he stepped onstage to deliver a speech accepting his party’s 2000 presidential nomination in Los Angeles, Al Gore embraced his wife, Tipper, and gave her a full-mouthed kiss, hanging on much longer than usual for a display of passion in public.
The crowd cheered, but the kiss eventually encompassed an uncomfortable three seconds of screen time.
Gore had been battling criticisms that he was too stiff during public appearances, which may have explained how hard he leaned in. Regardless, the smooch was remembered more than Gore’s speech.
He went on to narrowly lose that November to Bush. A decade later, the Gores separated after 40 years of marriage.
Women on the ticket
At the Democrats’ 1984 convention in San Francisco, presidential nominee Walter Mondale announced Geraldine Ferraro as his running mate, making her the first woman on a major presidential ticket. Ferraro declared, “America is the land where dreams can come true for all of us,” though she and Mondale went on to win just 13 electoral votes compared to President Ronald Reagan's 525.
Twenty years later, Sen. John McCain chose Sarah Palin as his vice presidential candidate, and her speech at the Republican convention in St. Paul, Minnesota, was a hit, mixing the then-Alaska governor’s compelling personal story with humor and political punch. It gave McCain a boost, but he still lost to Obama.
At the 2016 Democratic convention in Philadelphia, Hillary Clinton became the first major-party female presidential nominee, declaring, “When any barrier falls in America, for anyone, it clears the way for everyone.” She eventually lost to Trump.
Kamala Harris was the first woman on a winning ticket, accepting her role as Biden’s running mate during a mostly virtual convention last cycle. Now, having replaced Biden as the Democratic nominee, she's seeking to become the nation's first woman to serve as president.
Opposing the incumbent
In 1976, Reagan, then California’s governor, challenged President Gerald Ford from the right and touched off a bitter struggle at the GOP’s convention in Kansas City. Ford narrowly prevailed with 1,187 votes to 1,070, but lost that November to Democrat Jimmy Carter.
Four years later, at the Democratic convention in New York, Carter himself faced a floor challenge from Massachusetts Sen. Ted Kennedy, who badly trailed the president in delegates but tried to loosen rules on how they were pledged to vote. Tensions ran high and, though the change was defeated, Carter later lost to Reagan.
Eagleton’s 18-day vice presidential candidacy
The pressure on Biden to leave the race was without modern precedent at the top of a presidential ticket — but not when it comes to a nominee’s running mate.
Shortly after the 1972 Democratic convention in Miami, reports surfaced that Democratic presidential nominee George McGovern's vice presidential pick, Missouri Sen. Thomas Eagleton, had previously undergone electroshock therapy to treat depression.
A divided convention had prompted McGovern to tap Eagleton on its final day, after he was turned down by several alternatives. Eagleton therefore didn’t receive much vetting of his record, which might have surfaced the medical disclosures earlier.
Eagleton resigned after 18 days on the ticket and was replaced by Sargent Shriver. Incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon went on to win 49 out of 50 states that November.
Chaos in Chicago
After President Lyndon B. Johnson opted not to seek reelection and Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated, Vice President Hubert Humphrey secured the 1968 Democratic nomination at the party’s convention. But that was only after a raucous floor fight that ended with delegates defeating a peace platform seeking an end to the Vietnam war.
What happened at the convention was overshadowed by thousands of antiwar protesters who marched in the streets. Demonstrators were attacked by police, sparking such turmoil that the tear gas fired reached the 25th-floor suite where Humphrey was preparing for his appearance at a hotel five miles from the convention site.
The Democratic convention returns to Chicago this week, and widespread demonstrations are being planned to oppose the Biden administration’s support for Israel in its war with Hamas — leaving some to wonder whether a 1968 redux could be coming.