Root sets new England record of 34 Test hundreds
Root, who made 143 in the first innings to move level with the previous England record of 33 hundreds held by the retired Alastair Cook, went to a century on Saturday's third day when he cut Lahiru Kumara for the 10th four off 111 balls faced.
It meant Root surpassed his fellow former England captain's mark. It is Root's 145th Test compared to Cook's career tally of 161 matches.
He was last man out for 103 in England's second-innings total of 251 on the third day. Sri Lanka faced a mammoth target of 483 to level this three-match series at 1-1.
Root's seventh Test hundred at Lord's also gave him sole possession of the record for the most Test centuries at the 'Home of Cricket' he had shared with the England duo of Graham Gooch and Michael Vaughan, who both managed six apiece.
Root also became the fourth batsman to have scored hundreds in both innings of a Test at Lord's, joining the West Indies' George Headley (1939), Gooch (1990) and Vaughan (2004).
Gooch's combined tally of 456 runs against India at Lord's in 1990, comprising innings of 333 and 123, remains a record for the most runs scored by a single batsman in any Test.
Root's latest century also moved him into joint-sixth place in an all-time list of Test century-makers headed by India great Sachin Tendulkar, who scored 51 hundreds in 200 Tests from 1989-2013.
The 33-year-old Root is the only batsman in this group who is still an active Test cricketer.
Most Test hundreds (number of hundreds, matches, player, team (s), span):
51 200 Sachin Tendulkar IND 1989-2013
45 166 Jacques Kallis RSA 1995-2013
41 168 Ricky Ponting AUS 1995-2012
38 134 Kumar Sangakkara SRI 2000-2015
36 164 Rahul Dravid IND/ICC 1996-2012
34 118 Younis Khan PAK 2000-2017
34 125 Sunil Gavaskar IND 1971-1987
34 131 Brian Lara WIS/ICC 1990-2006
34 149 Mahela Jayawardene SRI 1997-2014
34 145 Joe Root ENG 2012 -
33 161 Alastair Cook ENG 2006-2018
Hundreds in both innings of a Test at Lord's (scores, player, team, opposition, year):
106 and 107 George Headley WIS v ENG 1939
333 and 123 Graham Gooch ENG v IND 1990
103 and 101 no Michael Vaughan ENG v WIS 2004
143 and 103 Joe Root ENG v SRI 2024
Note: no = not out