Ingredient found in Doritos turns mouse's skin transparent, may have medical applications
Scientists at Stanford University were recently able to make a mouse's skin transparent using a common food dye, something the study's author told Fox News Digital could have exciting benefits to humans once additional research is conducted.
The paper, titled "Achieving optical transparency in live animals with absorbing molecules," was published in the journal "Science" on September 5.
In it, the researchers used a solution of red tartrazine, a food dye known as FD&C Yellow 5, onto the abdomen, scalp, and hindlimb of a sedated mouse, said a release from Stanford University.
The dye turned the mouse's skin red, which then made the skin appear transparent – and the mouse's organs were visible to the naked eye, said the release.
"The researchers believe this is the first non-invasive approach to achieving visibility of a mouse’s living internal organs," said the release.
The effects were not permanent, said Stanford – the mouse's skin returned to normal once the dye was washed off.
The results of the study surprised even the researchers.
"The most surprising part of this study is that we usually expect dye molecules to make things less transparent. For example, if you mix blue pen ink in water, the more ink you add, the less light can pass through the water," said Dr. Guosong Hong, assistant professor of materials science and engineering at Stanford and senior author on the paper, in an email to Fox News Digital.
Yet, when tartrazine was dissolved in skin or muscle – normally opaque materials – "the clearer the material becomes – but only in the red part of the light spectrum," he said.
"This goes against what we typically expect with dyes," Hong added.
While this study has only been done on animals, the ability to make skin temporarily transparent "could offer a variety of benefits in biology, diagnostics, and even cosmetics," Hong told Fox News Digital.
He continued, "for example, instead of relying on invasive biopsies, doctors might be able to diagnose deep-seated tumors by simply examining a person’s tissue without the need for invasive surgical removal."
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"This technique could potentially make blood draws less painful by helping phlebotomists easily locate veins under the skin. It could also enhance procedures like laser tattoo removal by allowing more precise targeting of the pigment beneath the skin," he said.
FD&C Yellow 5 is found in many foods, including soda, candy, chips, and pastries – including Doritos, says the product's website.
Yet, a person should not go rubbing dyes on themselves just yet, said Hong.
"We strongly discourage attempting this on the human skin, as the toxicology of dye molecules in humans, particularly when applied topically, has not been fully evaluated," he said.
Human skin, said Hong, is "significantly thicker than mouse skin," and the outer layer of the epidermis is a "substantial barrier that prevents effective delivery of molecules into the dermis."
But – this may be a reality before too long.
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"A safe method for percutaneous delivery of light-absorbing molecules, following comprehensive evaluation of its potential effects on human skin, may lead to its clinical application in the future," he said.