Astronaut Buzz Aldrin Finally Told the Truth about the Moon Landing – "We Didn’t Go There"

Buzz Aldrin (born Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr.; January 20, 1930) is an American engineer, former astronaut, and Command Pilot in the United States Air Force. As Lunar Module Pilot on the Apollo 11 mission, he and mission commander Neil Armstrong were the first two humans to land on the Moon.

Aldrin set foot on the Moon at 03:15:16 on July 21, 1969 (UTC), 9 minutes after Armstrong first touched the surface. At least that's what we were told...

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This is one of the most massive black holes ever discovered.

A recent study has revealed that the Abell 1201 cluster, which houses a massive elliptical galaxy, also contains a supermassive black hole at its center, which is among the largest known objects in the universe. According to previous analyses, the black hole was already believed to be larger than most known black holes, but this latest study has revealed that it is bigger than certain galaxies, with an estimated mass of 32 billion solar masses, give or take two. This puts it on the upper limit of how large black holes can theoretically become, making it a truly exciting discovery.

Black holes are notoriously difficult to study because of their nature. Being "black," they do not emit any radiation that can be observed directly, including light. However, their strong gravitational pull can have an effect on their surroundings, and this effect can be studied to learn more about them. For instance, gravitational waves from small black holes merging can be detected, and radio waves from the closest region around a black hole, as was the case with the one at the center of the Milky Way, can also be observed. In addition, if a black hole is actively feeding, its gravitational pull can heat up the surrounding material so much that it emits radiation, such as x-rays, which can be detected by astronomers.

The researchers used a different approach to study the black hole at the center of the Abell 1201 cluster. They simulated the gravitational lensing effect caused by massive objects, such as galaxies or clusters of galaxies, which can warp space-time and magnify background objects, making it easier to study them. Black holes themselves can act as gravitational lenses, and the team simulated supermassive black holes of different sizes within massive galaxies to study their effects. They found that their model with a huge supermassive black hole matched observations made by the Hubble Space Telescope of Abell 1201, which is located 2.7 billion light-years from Earth.To put the size of this black hole into perspective, it is worth noting that one of the largest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way, the Small Magellanic Cloud, has a mass of 6.5 billion solar masses, which is only one-fifth of the mass of this singular black hole. Despite the difficulty in directly observing black holes, simulations and observations such as these offer a glimpse into the wonders of the universe and help us better understand the nature of these mysterious objects.

The research was published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

is a professional photographer, author and science communicator based in Lisbon, Portugal, who creates spectacular images of the night sky. As a (opens in new tab) and member of (opens in new tab) and the official astrophotographer of the (opens in new tab), he specializes in astronomical "Skyscapes" that connect both Earth and the night sky. Join Miguel here as he takes us through his video "Earth Shadow – The Beauty of a Total Lunar Eclipse in Motion."A breathtaking 4K video time-lapse has captured the intense emotion and feeling of a total lunar eclipse, an extraordinary event when the moon passes through the Earth’s shadow, resulting in a striking blood-red appearance. As the moon slowly fades away, the stars surrounding it become visible, presenting a spectacular and rare opportunity to witness the mesmerizing presence of the Milky Way galaxy. The moon, in turn, reflects a low reddish light from being immersed in the umbra of the Earth’s shadow, creating a moment that evokes an indescribable ambiance.

The awe-inspiring footage was captured under a pristine starry sky in Mértola, Portugal, located within the Dark Sky Alqueva territory. The video was shot during the highly anticipated "super blood moon" total lunar eclipse on May 16, 2022, an event that occurred when the moon was at its closest point to Earth during its orbit. The stunning visual spectacle showcased in the video undoubtedly leaves viewers in complete amazement and in appreciation of the sheer magnitude of the universe.The blood moon shines dramatically in a lunar eclipse from 2022 captured in the Dark Sky Alqueva territory of Portugal on May 16, 2022 by astrophotographer Miguel Claro. (Image credit: Miguel Claro)

For those eager to observe or photograph the moon, there are several guides available on the best telescopes and lenses for astrophotography, all designed to assist in capturing the remarkable and awe-inspiring beauty of our celestial neighbors. Moreover, it is important to note that the next lunar eclipse will be a penumbral lunar eclipse visible in various regions across the world on May 5 to 6, 2023. Later in the year, on October 28 to 29, a partial lunar eclipse will be visible from several regions, including North America and Antarctica. The next total lunar eclipse will occur on March 14, 2025, providing ample opportunity for astronomy enthusiasts and professionals to witness and record these celestial events.

To see more of Miguel Claro’s work, please see his website(opens in new tab) or follow his stories on Instagram at www.instagram.com/miguel_claro .A recent study by Chinese scientists has identified tiny glass beads in the lunar soil as potential storage locations for water on the Moon. Despite previous research confirming the presence of water on the Moon, questions have remained about where it is stored, how it got there, and how it moves around. The new findings are based on samples collected by China’s Chang’e 5 rover mission, which spent a couple of weeks collecting material from the lunar surface in December.

Microscopic glass beads in the lunar soil are formed when bits of space rock collide with the lunar surface, vaporizing minerals that then cool into vitreous particles, sometimes only a few tens or hundreds of micrometers across. These glass beads have been previously studied in Apollo lunar samples and have helped overturn prior assumptions about the dryness of the Moon.The new study reveals that a good proportion of the Moon’s water is produced with the help of the Sun’s winds, which bond hydrogen ions from solar particles with oxygen already stored in the lunar soil. The researchers believe that the reservoir of water potentially represented by these beads could play a crucial part in the lunar water cycle, as some water gets lost to space and can be replenished by the stores held in the amorphous impact glass.

"The impact glass beads preserve hydration signatures and display water abundance profiles consistent with the inward diffusion of solar wind-derived water," says the study’s researchers in their recently published paper in Nature Geoscience.Each glass bead is capable of holding up to 2,000 micrograms (0.002 grams) of water for every gram of the particle’s mass. Based on a hydration signatures analysis, the scientists think the beads can accumulate water in the span of just a few years.

"This short diffusion time indicates that the solar wind-derived water can be rapidly accumulated and stored in lunar impact glass beads," adds the research team.

The potential implications of these findings are significant, especially for supporting Moon missions and bases. Being able to tap into this vast reservoir of water could make living on the lunar surface for extended periods of time much more comfortable. Moreover, the scientists say that other "airless bodies" like the Moon could be storing water in their surface layers in the same way.

"These findings indicate that the impact glasses on the surface of the Moon and other airless bodies in the Solar System are capable of storing solar wind-derived water and releasing it into space," says Hu Sen, a geophysicist and study co-author from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Further analysis of samples from Chang’e 5 is expected to yield more discoveries along these lines. With these new insights, we may be able to unlock the mysteries surrounding the lunar water cycle and how it could impact future space exploration and habitation.

The research has been published in Nature Geoscience.

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