"When researching animal intelligence, we still think too much from the human point of view," argues philosopher Bas van Woerkum-Rooker. "For example, just as humans use visual information to remember routes, rats use smells to remember routes. Those are both intelligent approaches to remembering one's way." The philosopher developed a method to study animal intelligence without this bias. He will defend his Ph.D. thesis at Radboud University on 20 November.