Famed economist Nouriel Roubini warns another inflation flare-up is on the way — threatening to sink the stock market and send 10-year Treasury yields to 8%

• Nouriel Roubini recently launched the Atlas America Fund to hedge against rising inflation.
• Roubini predicts inflation will reach 5-6% due to supply and demand pressures.
• Higher inflation could disrupt traditional portfolios, impacting stocks and bond yields, he warns.

Nouriel Roubini is well-known for his perennially bearish views on markets and the economy. They sometimes come to fruition in a big way, like in the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, but they also don't always play out.

Now, the famed New York University economist is putting his acumen for forecasting economic trends to the test in the public markets.

Roubini is launching an ETF called the Atlas America Fund, which he says aims to offer protection from a coming bout of inflation through exposure to gold, real estate, and the agriculture sector.

At Bloomberg's ETFs in Depth conference in Manhattan on Thursday, Roubini laid out a multi-part argument for why he sees inflation soaring to 5-6% over the remainder of the 2020s.

On the supply side of the inflation equation, there are trends that should constrict the supply of goods, according to Roubini:

• Climate change will make food and housing more sparse, as higher temperatures make some areas of the country un-farmable and cause large migrations. Housing market struggles are already underway to a degree as insurance firms increasingly refuse to offer policies for coastal homes in some states.
• Reshoring and de-globalization trends as firms seek stability will drive up labor and goods costs. Tariffs will also lead to higher prices.
• The US population is aging, meaning fewer people will be producing goods and providing services.
• Deportation of migrants will shrink the labor force, lowering the supply of goods and services.

On the demand side of things:

• The aging population will spend their savings as they get older, all while there are fewer young people to produce.
• Rising geopolitical risks mean higher government defense spending.
• More government spending will continue to be necessary to compensate for people potentially losing jobs to automation. And to help reduce their debts, governments will attempt to inflate away their balances.

What this means for markets

In such a scenario where inflation sees a resurgence, Roubini warned of fairly dire consequences for investors and the classic portfolio structure of 60% and 40% bonds.

For instance, 10-year Tresasury yields would soar, he said, as investors demand higher returns. That would mean the assets lose a large chunk of their value.

"Suppose that over the next few years by the end of this decade, inflation were to be not 2%, but say 5-6%. What would be the bond yield on a 10-year Treasury? It would have to be something like 8%," he said. "Six percent for expected inflation, and 2% real. Why 2% real, rather than lower? Because fundamental factors including high debts and deficits imply the risk premium lies closer to 2% rather than 0%."

When yields on the 10-year spike that high, it tends to mean trouble for stocks, particularly growth names, which dominate the market today.

"That short rise in bond yields should lead to a significant correction in equities," Roubini said. "As you remember, 2022, when yields were going higher, S&P fell 15%, Nasdaq fell 20%, and growth stocks fell by 40% or even more."

Roubini makes some compelling points about the direction inflation could take in the years ahead, but the outlook is murky. While economists broadly warn that reshoring trends and tariffs will lead to higher prices, technology advances could help to keep labor costs, and therefore prices, down like they have over the past couple of decades.

For now, inflation continues to move sideways, hovering between 2-3%. Equity investors have so far stomached an 80-basis-point rise in 10-year yields since mid-September, with the S&P 500 up 7% to all-time highs since then. Time will tell where inflation and yields go in 2025. Moves higher could spoil the stock market's party, as Roubini warns.