During the long history of diabetes there has probably been no period during which it was subjected to the intensive study that has been accorded it since the discovery of insulin. Clinicians have long recognized the extent of the menace that diabetes represents. It is not merely the death of a small army of persons each year from diabetes that makes the situation formidable; the disorder incapacitates a further great army of otherwise normal persons. Consequently it becomes a public duty to awaken the nation and also the medical profession, if need of this becomes apparent, to the seriousness of a situation that has recently been emphasized vigorously anew by competent statisticians.