These are some of the weapons the Pentagon wants for its $583 billion budget

AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta

President Obama's eighth and final $4 trillion-plus budget proposal will be sent to a Republican-controlled Congress on Tuesday.

Earlier this month US Secretary of Defense Ash Carter highlighted a few new weapons the Pentagon wants to add to its arsenal for a cool $583 billion budget in 2017.

The budget includes $7.5 billion to escalate the fight against the Islamic State (aka ISIS, ISIL, and Daesh).

Another $71.4 billion would be used for military research and development spending.

Carter unveiled that the Pentagon will continue to sink resources into the development of "swarming, autonomous vehicles," writes Patrick Tucker of Defense One.

These vehicles will be able to perform highly calculated and synchronized movements by land, air, and sea. Ideally, such swarms would be highly effective for collecting data and coordinating defense movements.

Carter said:

For the air, they've developed micro-drones that are really fast, and really resilient — they can fly through heavy winds and be kicked out the back of a fighter jet moving at Mach 0.9 ... And for the water, they've developed self-driving boats, which can network together to do all sorts of missions, from fleet defense to close-in surveillance — including around an island, real or artificial, without putting our sailors at risk.

Second, Carter would like to see the US Navy's rail gun system continue to receive funding.

AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta

The rail gun uses electromagnetic forces to power projectiles, which can manage to reach ranges of up to 100 nautical miles. That range is about the same for a cruise missile, but a cruise missile can cost the Navy around $1 million while a rail gun projectile can be as cheap as $25,000.

Depending upon the success of the rail gun, Carter would like to miniaturize and expand the program, placing "five-inch [rail guns] at the front of every Navy destroyer, and also the hundreds of Army Paladin self-propelled howitzers."

AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta

Carter is also envisioning the creation of an "arsenal plane." The arsenal plane concept, according to Military.com, "would take an existing 'large platform' aircraft, such as a B-52, stock it with a variety of munitions, and have it led into battle by an F-35 Joint Strike Fighter to provide targeting."

Carter notes that such an arsenal plane will essentially function as a "very large airborne magazine, networked to 5th-generation aircraft that act as forward sensor and targeting nodes — essentially combining different systems already in our inventory to create wholly new capabilities."

AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta

This combination of legacy and more cutting-edge elements may also become a recurring theme at the Pentagon.

Included in the new budget for 2017 is the aging but still highly effective A-10 "Warthog." The Warthog, which the US Air Force has been attempting to retire, will find continued used under Carter's proposed five-year military budget until 2022.

AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta

"The budget defers the A-10's final retirement until 2022, replacing it with F-35s on a squadron-by-squadron basis so we'll always have enough aircraft for today's conflicts," Carter said.

The decision to postpone the A-10's retirement was because of the aircraft's "devastating" role in attacks against ISIS, Carter noted.

Finally, Carter also noted that the Pentagon will continue to dedicate significant resources to the development of cyber abilities.

In 2017, Carter has earmarked $7 billion for cyber, with $35 billion set aside for the next five years.

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