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Новости за 16.08.2019

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Universal principles of membrane protein assembly, composition and evolution

Plos.org 
En

by Alan J. Situ, Tobias S. Ulmer

Structural diversity in α-helical membrane proteins (MP) arises from variations in helix-helix crossings and contacts that may bias amino acid usage. Here, we reveal systematic changes in transmembrane amino acid frequencies (f) as a function of the number of helices (n). For eukarya, breaks in f(n) trends of packing (Ala, Gly and Pro), polar, and hydrophobic residues identify different MP assembly principles for 2≤n≤7, 8≤n≤12 and n≥13. In bacteria, the first... Читать дальше...



Systematic review on antigens for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis, with a focus on East Africa

Plos.org 
En

by Vera Kühne, Zahra Rezaei, Paul Pitzinger, Philippe Büscher

Background

Accurate and accessible diagnosis is key for the control of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Yet, current diagnostic tests for VL have severe limitations: they are invasive or not suitable as point of care (POC) test or their performance is suboptimal in East Africa. We analysed the antigens in the VL serodiagnostics development pipeline to identify shortcomings and to propose strategies in the development of an alternative POC test for VL in East Africa. Читать дальше...

Genetic screens reveal novel major and minor players in magnesium homeostasis of Staphylococcus aureus

Plos.org 
En

by Emilie Trachsel, Peter Redder, Patrick Linder, Joshua Armitano

Magnesium is one of the most abundant metal ions in living cells. Very specific and devoted transporters have evolved for transporting Mg2+ ions across the membrane and maintain magnesium homeostasis. Using genetic screens, we were able to identify the main players in magnesium homeostasis in the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we show that import of magnesium relies on the redundant activity of either CorA2... Читать дальше...

Recombination and mutational robustness in neutral fitness landscapes

Plos.org 
En

by Alexander Klug, Su-Chan Park, Joachim Krug

Mutational robustness quantifies the effect of random mutations on fitness. When mutational robustness is high, most mutations do not change fitness or have only a minor effect on it. From the point of view of fitness landscapes, robust genotypes form neutral networks of almost equal fitness. Using deterministic population models it has been shown that selection favors genotypes inside such networks, which results in increased mutational robustness. Читать дальше...

Pulse transit time estimation of aortic pulse wave velocity and blood pressure using machine learning and simulated training data

Plos.org 
En

by Janne M. J. Huttunen, Leo Kärkkäinen, Harri Lindholm

Recent developments in cardiovascular modelling allow us to simulate blood flow in an entire human body. Such model can also be used to create databases of virtual subjects, with sizes limited only by computational resources. In this work, we study if it is possible to estimate cardiovascular health indices using machine learning approaches. In particular, we carry out theoretical assessment of estimating aortic pulse wave velocity,... Читать дальше...

Новости России
Москва

Более 10 тысяч человек сразились в чемпионате «Камень, ножницы, бумага» на Тверском бульваре


Evolution of a family of molecular Rube Goldberg contraptions

Plos.org 
En

by Morgan Beeby

Case studies of the evolution of molecular machines remain scarce. One of the most diverse and widespread homologous families of machines is the type IV filament (TFF) superfamily, comprised of type IV pili, type II secretion systems (T2SSs), archaella, and other less-well-characterized families. These families have functions including twitching motility, effector export, rotary propulsion, nutrient uptake, DNA uptake, and even electrical conductance, but it is unclear how such diversity evolved from a common ancestor. Читать дальше...


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