So what's a 'capsid'? And other terms to know

The language of pandemics is on all our lips these days. Tragically. Here are some of the terms pertaining to the pandemic that are worth getting right.

Coronavirus

Though sometimes used to mean the disease that has afflicted more than a million people across the globe, that's not quite right. Nor is it the name of the virus infecting people. Instead, coronaviruses are a family of viruses that infect humans and animals. The most common human coronavirus causes 15 percent to 30 percent of cases of the common cold, according to a paper published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation. SARS-CoV, another coronavirus, was responsible for the 2003 SARS outbreak that killed 774 people worldwide.

SARS-CoV-2

The virus causing our current pandemic is called SARS-CoV-2. Despite the 2 in the name, it's the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans. The "SARS" part of the name is an acronym for severe acute respiratory syndrome, just as it was in the 2003 outbreak.

COVID-19

The illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, which can bring respiratory and other symptoms ranging from mild to fatal. The CO part of the name is taken from "corona," the VI part comes from "virus" and the D is for "disease." The 19 refers to the year in which it was named. There's no consensus on how to capitalize the name. But if you want to follow someone's lead, note that the Associated Press style experts have come down on the side of all capital letters.

Virus

Unlike bacteria, which are living cellular organisms, a virus is essentially a cluster of genetic material, DNA or RNA, that's wrapped in a fatty protein envelope and that can replicate only inside the cell of another living organism.

Virion

A virus particle outside a living cell, though I've also seen the...