“Two-birds-one-stone” oral nanotherapeutic designed to target intestinal integrins and regulate redox homeostasis for UC treatment | Science Advances

Designing highly efficient orally administrated nanotherapeutics with specific inflammatory site–targeting functions in the gastrointestinal tract for ulcerative colitis (UC) management is a noteworthy challenge. Here, we focused on exploring a specific targeting oral nanotherapy, serving as “one stone,” for the directed localization of inflammation and the regulation of redox homeostasis, thereby achieving effects against “two birds” for UC treatment. Our designed nanotherapeutic agent OPNs@LMWH (oxidation-sensitive ε-polylysine nanoparticles at low–molecular weight heparin) exhibited specific active targeting effects and therapeutic efficacy simultaneously. Our results indicate that OPNs@LMWH had high integrin αM–mediated immune cellular uptake efficiency and preferentially accumulated in inflamed tissues. We also confirmed its effectiveness in the treatment experiment of colitis in mice by ameliorating oxidative stress and inhibiting the activation of inflammation-associated signaling pathways while simultaneously bolstering the protective mechanisms of the colonic epithelium. Overall, these findings underscore the compelling dual functionalities of OPNs@LMWH, which enable effective oral delivery to inflamed sites, thereby facilitating precise UC management.