What is Peer-to-Peer Lending?

Peer-to-peer lending is a great way to get an unsecured personal loan, often at lower rates than a traditional bank loan. Peer-to-peer lending platforms use anonymous profiles and algorithms to match borrowers with individuals who provide the loan proceeds.

The post What is Peer-to-Peer Lending? appeared first on LendEDU.

Peer-to-peer lending, sometimes known as P2P lending or crowd-lending, is a relatively new concept in the lending market. The practice makes unsecured personal loans more accessible than loans from traditional banks and can often provide the funds more quickly.

Traditionally, in order to get an unsecured personal loan, you applied at your bank. The loan officer viewed your credit history, outstanding debts, and balances in the bank accounts you held with that financial institution.

An underwriting decision to approve or deny the loan was made by the loan officer or the bank’s underwriting department, and you could usually get your funds within a week or two. P2P lending created an entirely new process by leveraging the latest technology and crowdsourcing trends.

On this page:

• How Does Peer-to-Peer Lending Work?
• What Types of P2P Loans Are Available?
• How Do You Apply for Peer-to-Peer Loans?
• What Are the Pros of Peer-to-Peer Lending?
• What Are the Cons of Peer-to-Peer Lending?
• Are Peer-to-Peer Loans Safe?

How Does Peer-to-Peer Lending Work?

P2P lending matches borrowers looking to get an installment loan with individuals who are willing to lend them the money they need. Your borrower profile, including your loan request, your credit score, and other basic information, are reviewed by individual investors in an online marketplace.

They agree to fund your loan and offer you their terms. You can choose from the various offers and decide on the loan package you’re willing to accept.

The marketplace itself is facilitated by a for-profit company that charges the borrower a fee — usually about 1% of the loan amount. As an investor, you also agree to pay a similar percentage to the marketplace company out of the payments you receive. The returns on this type of investment may be higher than from traditional investments such as an IRA or money market account.

What Types of P2P Loans Are Available?

Peer-to-peer lenders typically deal with unsecured personal loans, although some lenders also offer secured loans as well. In a secured loan scenario, you may offer jewelry, a vehicle, or another tangible asset to serve as collateral against the loan. Business loans and even home equity loans are options as well.

Each lender has their own loan products and criteria for acceptance. Below, we review some P2P lenders and what they have to offer.

Prosper

Prosper Marketplace, or just Prosper, is a company that began in San Francisco in 2005. As one of the oldest P2P lending marketplaces, Prosper offers a wide range of loans that you can use for everything from big purchases to vacations to debt consolidation and more.

They have approximately $14 billion in funded loans and borrowers can request from $2,000 to $40,000 in a single loan. Like other P2P lenders, Prosper doesn’t fund the loans itself. Its investors do, with the company simply handling all loan servicing and payments.

All loans through Prosper are fixed-rate loans, with the actual interest rate amount determined by your creditworthiness, the amount of the loan, and a repayment schedule of either three-year or five-year terms. There are no prepayment penalties, and you can choose from a variety of loan types.

LendingClub

LendingClub, also from San Francisco and founded in 2007, offers personal loans up to $40,000, as well as auto loan refinancing and small business loans. Investors purchase “Notes,” which correspond to fractions of loans, and LendingClub services the Notes to ensures that the investors get paid when borrowers make their payments. LendingClub has had more than 2.5 million customers with a total of over $42 billion in loans issued, and its customers give it a 4.75 out of 5 stars.

LendingClub uses the same online marketplace model that Prosper uses, with soft credit inquiries so that you can check your expected interest rate before actually committing to an application. Business loans can go up to $300,000, and all of LendingClub’s loans have a fixed rate, including their medical loans, which help finance health care costs.

Upstart

Upstart began in 2014 and was founded by former Google executives. It has since originated more than $400 million in loans and boasts some of the lowest rates in the business. Part of that stems from their approval model. Upstart looks at credit scores but also takes educational level into account. Over 90% of their borrowers are college grads and small-business startups.

Their loans run between $3,000 and $35,000, with terms of three or five years. Depending on what grade your application receives, you could receive interest rates as low as 4% or as high as 26%. Upstart also differs from other P2P lenders because it doesn’t charge its investors any fees from the monthly payments they receive. Instead, the borrower pays a one-time origination fee at the beginning of the loan term.

Funding Circle

For small business owners, Funding Circle may provide crucial funds to expand, hire more employees, or take the business to the next level. You can borrow between $25,000 to $500,000, to make sure that you have enough capital for your next project. Funding Circle’s online application process only takes 10 minutes, and the company has a four-star rating with over 5,000 reviews on Trustpilot.com.

Rates may be as low as 4.99% APR, based on your business credit profile and personal credit. Once you’re approved, you could get a term for as long as five years.

How Do You Apply for Peer-to-Peer Loans?

Each lender has its own criteria for approval, its own model for underwriting, and its own required steps. They all, however, have one thing in common — a fast, online application process. After entering some basic information — including your name and birthdate, occupation, income, and Social Security number — the companies typically run a soft credit inquiry that informs them of your credit score without affecting your credit history.

If your profile meets the required minimum FICO score and other criteria, your anonymous profile is released to investors, who can then decide if they’ll fund you.

Once you choose a loan package, you’ll fill out a complete loan application, at which time they’ll run a hard inquiry on your credit report and get your loan paperwork drawn up for your electronic signature. The money can be disbursed in as little as a few business days, and then you’ll make any origination fees required by the P2P company.

What Are the Pros of Peer-to-Peer Lending?

Flexible Loan Terms

Many borrowers, especially those with excellent credit, can significantly benefit from a P2P loan. The money can be used for almost anything, such as home improvement or debt consolidation, and the loans often come with lower fees than a regular personal loan. You may also see lower interest rates than you’d receive from a traditional lender, and with the variety of offers you can get from the marketplace, you can choose from more flexible terms.

Those with bad credit can sometimes get approved too, where traditional lenders might not be willing to take on that risk.

Higher Potential Returns

For individual lenders, the investments can bring much higher returns than a typical investment vehicle. Even working with a facilitator such as LendingClub or Prosper will make the investor more money than bonds or CDs, while allowing another way to diversify your portfolio.

What Are the Cons of Peer-to-Peer Lending?

Risk

As with any investment, P2P lending comes with its own risk. As an investor, you could end up losing your investment if the borrower doesn’t make their payments. And P2P loans aren’t FDIC insured, so it’s not just the profit you’re risking as an investor — you could end up losing the loan principal as well.

That said, there’s no greater risk in P2P lending than there would be with a high-risk stock or another investment type. 

High Rates for Borrowers with Bad Credit

For borrowers with bad credit, the interest rates on P2P loans could be prohibitive. Rates can reach nearly 30% for some P2P lenders, so you’ll pay back far more than you borrowed, and for longer than you would on an unsecured loan from a traditional lender.

>> Read More: Best personal loans for bad credit

If you need a loan and cannot get one through traditional lending channels, however, P2P loans may be something to consider — especially if your only alternative is a costly payday loan. Just be mindful of the interest rate you accept.

Are Peer-to-Peer Loans Safe?

From a security standpoint, peer-to-peer lending is safe. Encryption is used for all transactions, and investors and borrowers don’t directly interact since the P2P platform does all of the communication. Additionally, many of the top P2P companies don’t sell an entire loan to one investor. Instead, they sell loans in groups that fit a profile that the investor is willing to fund.

Risk-averse investors might choose to offer loans only to those with excellent credit, shorter loan terms, and lower loan amounts. Others who are willing to take more risky loans for more return might be willing to take on borrowers with less than perfect credit or who need large, long-term loans.

You’ll also want to make sure you’re using a reputable company. The P2P online lenders reviewed in this article all have high customer ratings and well-known products with a track record of satisfied customers. But research several different companies before choosing one.

Bottom Line

Peer-to-peer lending is a great way to get an unsecured personal loan, but it’s not for everyone. For borrowers with bad credit, the rates can be higher but the barrier to entry lower.

For individual lenders, the risks can be higher, but so can the returns compared to traditional investments. Whether you’re a borrower or an investor, you’ll want to understand your financial situation before engaging in P2P lending. If P2P lending is not for you, check out LendEDU’s best personal loans.

The post What is Peer-to-Peer Lending? appeared first on LendEDU.