Remember Pearl Harbor … and Manzanar

Although many members of the Greatest Generation are no longer with us, Americans always will remember the sacrifice that began Dec. 7, 1941. That’s when Imperial Japan attacked United States bases at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, without warning. Of eight American battleships moored in the harbor, four were sunk and three damaged; 2,402 U.S. service members were killed, along with 57 civilians.

A day after the attack, which President Roosevelt called “a date that will live in infamy,” Congress declared war on Japan, bringing the U.S. into World War II. Almost four hard-fought years later, 416,000 Americans lay dead from the fighting, an immense cost. An estimated 60 million people died worldwide. Victory meant the defeat of both Imperial Japan, which had committed such atrocities as the Rape of Nanking in 1937 and the Bataan Death March of 1942; and of Nazi Germany, which exterminated 6 million European Jews and millions of others, including Romani people, political dissidents and people with disabilities.

While America played a crucial role in defeating these tyrannies, after the war Americans were honest enough to admit that they had made mistakes of their own. In particular, upward of 120,000 Japanese Americans, most Nisei — second-generation Americans born here — were forced into internment camps for the duration of the war.

The internment was pushed by Roosevelt and Earl Warren, first as California’s attorney general, then its governor. The Nisei supposedly were security risks and an “enemy race,” even though FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover said they were loyal.

Whole families were moved from the West Coast to such camps as the Manzanar War Relocation Center, in the Owens Valley, now a National Historical Site. It’s worth pointing out that these were not death camps like the Nazis ran.

As columnist Steven Greenhut wrote in the Register in 2007, “I’ve talked to camp internees and am astounded by their enduring patriotism and lack of bitterness.” The sons of the Nisei proved their patriotism in such decorated units as the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, which fought in Europe. The daughters of the Nisei likewise did their part, serving as military nurses and doctors throughout the war.

We’re proud to note that the Santa Ana Register, then the name of the Orange County Register, was one of two newspapers in America that we know of that opposed the internment, and the only one on the West Coast. After the war, then-Publisher R.C. Hoiles worked to help Japanese Americans regain some of their confiscated property.

Even though America remains a beacon of liberty, we always must remember that it’s during the darkest hours when our commitment to human rights will be most-severely tested.

A version of this editorial was originally published on Dec. 7, 2012 in the Orange County Register.