The Road to aGovernment Childcare Takeover

pa href=https://www.cato.org/people/ryan-bourne hreflang=undRyan Bourne/a
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pspanspanA emNew York Times/em piece /span/spana href=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/16/us/child-care-centers-private-equity.htmlspanspanspanspanlast week/span/span/span/span/aspanspan explored how expensive, national childcare chains are thriving, while millions of ordinary American families struggle to get the care they want or need./span/span/p
pspanspanThe chains such as Bright Horizons and KinderCare provide attentive services: “Parents often receive hourly updates: the exact time anbsp;baby dirtied anbsp;diaper; the number of raspberries anbsp;toddler ate at snack time, photos of 3‑year‐​olds at the playground.” But with charges of up to $40,000 per year in Manhattan or $44,000nbsp;in Seattle, these are “generally expanding in higher‐​income neighborhoods, while the greatest need for services is elsewhere — particularly in rural areas and low‐​income communities of color.”/span/span/p
pspanspanIndeed, there is anbsp;supply squeeze for affordable childcare across many localities. The industry has lost 80,000 workers since 2020, contributing to the closure of 12,000 programs. Operating on razor thin profits margins, most care centers are reeling from anbsp;worker exodus, driven by post‐​pandemic career changes and the competition for workers from more expensive providers. The result is widespread dissatisfaction at the high cost and limited availability of care that parents need./span/span/p
pspanspanThe /span/spanspanemTimes/em/spanspanspan article, naturally, talks up the case for more federal demand subsidies as anbsp;response, which is what President Biden wanted to deliver through his original Build Back Better plan. But /span/spana href=https://www.cato.org/publications/childcarespanspanspanspanas my chapter/span/span/span/span/aspanspan in the recent Cato book /span/spanspanemEmpowering the New American Worker /em/spanspanspanmakes clear, the high cost of childcare and its lack of accessibility is in part caused by existing government regulations, which enshrine the preferences of wealthier families to the detriment of the poor./span/span/p
pspanspanEmpirical research confirms that stringent staff‐​to‐​child ratios in some states substantially increase childcare prices with little beneficial effect on various measures of childcare quality. By increasing the cost of providing care, these regulations reduce its availability in low‐​income areas, in which demand is more sensitive to price rises. /span/span/p
pspanspanState‐​level educational requirements for childcare staff further restrict the number of potential childcare workers, driving up the price of care further. Many state and local governments also consider home daycares a “problem use” and have used zoning restrictions to ban them. That’s before we consider federal immigration restrictions, which bar many potential childcare workers, or other options, such as au pairs and babysitters, from even entering the country./span/span/p
pspanspanInstead of just throwing more federal taxpayer dollars at the childcare sector, local, state and federal governments should reform these policies to increase the supply of childcare and reduce its price. Childcare could be anbsp;truly pluralistic market, with lots of options — including everything from formal educational centers right through to simple share arrangements between groups of parents. Different work patterns and children’s needs mean that in anbsp;truly open market, there would be huge variety on offer./span/span/p
pspanspanUnfortunately, the momentum is in the opposite direction, with campaigners pushing for anbsp;formalization of the sector, with childcare seen /span/spana href=https://ifstudies.org/blog/the-false-promise-of-universal-child-carespanspanspanspanas an arm of education policy/span/span/span/span/aspanspan. Anbsp;lot of higher income households and politicians have convinced themselves that intense care provided in formal centers with extensively educated carers and expensive learning equipment constitutes “high quality” care that will improve the cognitive development of children. Policymakers want to entrench these preferences by tightening government regulations over who can care, and how. In Washington DC, for example, many childcarers will need college degrees from 2023./span/span/p
pspanspanThis approach is not only empirically dubious, but, if rolled out more broadly, would have /span/spana href=https://www.cato.org/regulation/fall-2018/regressive-effects-child-care-regulationsspanspanspanspanextremely regressive effects./span/span/span/span/aspanspan Poorer families are often balancing other important concerns that can affect children’s wellbeing when deciding on their care options. If anbsp;job opportunity comes up that could really improve the incomes of anbsp;household and so the life‐​chances of its children, having access to an affordable childcare environment with flexible enough hours to facilitate that work is much more important to the family than carers having anbsp;degree. Yet these very regulations make childcare less affordable and less accessible in just these circumstances./span/span/p
pspanspanIndeed, what anbsp;lot of these regulations do is enshrine the preferences of the wealthy at the expense of the poor. If many rich households desire intense learning environments for their kids, the market will serve them. But efforts to insist that all childcare environments must follow suit is misguided. /span/span/p
pspanspanThose who use these high‐​end services should be careful about attempting to mandate their own preferences. /span/spanspanspanThe /span/spanspanemTimes/em/spanspanspan piece explains that some of the biggest childcare consortia were publicly very supportive of Biden’s original plan to cap childcare payments at 7nbsp;percent of family income for most families. However, in private they had severe reservations about the proposals — worrying that the federal spending level would not cover the cost of expanding their services to more households./span/span/p
pspanspanThis fear is not misplaced. It has happened in countries that have provided universal subsidies. Anbsp;/span/spana href=https://americancompass.org/warning-from-uk-government-child-care/spanspanspanspanlot of UK childcare providers/span/span/span/span/aspanspan have struggled as their government has expanded eligibility for “free” care to more households, because providers were left with fewer and fewer opportunities to charge non‐​eligible households higher prices to stay profitable, given the government’s low rates. /span/span/p
pspanspanIf we are not careful, we are hurtling towards The Road to Serfdom, Childcare Edition here. First, we constrain the supply of childcare through various regulations. Next, subsidies are demanded for vast numbers of households due to the subsequent high cost of childcare. Then subsidies will lead to all sorts of dysfunction to the supply‐​side of the market as the government caps what it’s willing to pay and seeks to control how care is provided. Then everyone will bemoan “market failure” and push for publicly provided childcare centers…/span/span/p